Thursday, March 31, 2011

Supreme Master Ching Hai

Supreme Master Ching Hai
-- Louis Hughes

The "Supreme Master Ching Hai" visited Ireland recently and gave a seminar entitled: "Immediate Enlightenment, Eternal Liberation". The event took place in the main hall of the RDS. It was well publicized both through street posters and substantial ads in national newspapers, highlighting the news that "Heaven is here and now!" and inviting the Irish public to "see God while living". Approximately 1000 people turned up to hear and see Ms. Ching Hai, a Chinese-Vietnamese woman who appeared in evening dress on the flower-bedecked stage. She connected easily with her audience, even inviting those who were seatless to share her space and her cushions onstage. Her informality was in stark contrast to the dozens of mainly oriental-looking minders in business suits, who silently monitored the proceedings - some of the hundred or so disciples who accompanied her on a lecture tour of Europe.


The content of Ching Hai's address was part Buddhist, part Hindu, but given a New Age twist in, for example, her insistence that the term 'Christ' refers not to a person, but to a power that emanates from God and manifests the authority of God in exceptionally enlightened individuals. With a touch that seemed to owe something to Wordsworth's poem Ode on the Intimations of Mortality, she explained that when we are born, we may remember past existences. As we grow, things crowd round, and we lose the vision of God which we had when we left heaven. Then, going far beyond Wordsworth, she reasoned that if God lives in here (pointing to her heart), logically one should be able to see him at any time - "we just have to know where to direct our attention. Seeing (the Light of God) is believing". Consequently, she declared: "I am offering proof of God's existence". This proof however, is evident only to those who have been initiated into what she terms the "Quan Yin Method" of meditation.

"Quan Yin" is the name of a goddess, the most popular in China. Worshipped both by Buddhists and Taoists, Quan Yin is represented as a female figure with many arms to signify her generosity towards her devotees. She is particularly favoured by women who pray to her for the birth of a son. However, the "Quan Yin Method" of meditation bears little relationship to the traditional simple prayers and offerings made to the goddess. While reluctant to explain the method to the uninitiated, Ching Hai did indicate in replies to questions from the audience that it involves turning our attention inwards to listen to God - something we have forgotten in the course of our busy lives. During meditation one will hear musical sounds, such as that of the bagpipe. Quan Yin meditation is practised with one's attention focused on the 'third eye' centre, located in the middle of the forehead. This, she said, is the wisdom centre and the highest gateway for leaving one's body. However, the technique should be learned properly and practised correctly. She warned of the danger of focusing on any chakras or centres of energy without proper guidance. That guidance is given during the process of initiation into the method. All present were invited to take initiation there and then. About 100 people took up the offer. Some underwent full initiation which involves a life-long commitment to a vegan diet and at least two hours meditation daily, as well as refraining from all alternative forms of meditation and other spiritual practice. Others received the "quick initiation" or "Convenient Method", requiring a half-hours meditation daily and abstinence from meat for ten days each month.




WHO IS CHING HAI?

Ms. Ching Hai is a talented and energetic woman, evident in the displays round the hall of paintings, jewelry, Chinese lanterns and fashion - all designed by herself and available for purchase. Also on sale were her videos, CDs, tapes and books. A magazine and a booklet of her talks were available for free. Proceeds of sales are used to fund charitable activities and disaster relief in various parts of the world. Ching Hai was brought up as a Catholic, but learnt the rudiments of Buddhism from her grandmother. However, in a brief autobiography she explains that her significant spiritual experience came about as a result of time spent in the Himalayas where she discovered "the Quan Yin Method and the Divine Transmission". Nowhere in the movement's literature is any mention made of how she came upon this enlightenment. Upon enquiring as to who Ching Hai's teacher was, one of her retinue replied vaguely: "Kutaji - he lives in a cave in the Himalayas - maybe he has left his body now." Such reticence in regards to the identity of one's initiating guru is quite unusual among Oriental religious teachers and begs the question as to the true origins of Ching Hai's teaching. Some clues are however to be found in the language that the Supreme Master uses in her writings and talks.


There are notable similarities between Ching Hai's philosophy and that of the surat shabd or "sound and light" yogic tradition of Northern India. This tradition is represented at its best in the Radha Soami movements of Agra and Beas. Julian Johnson's book, The Path of the Masters is the classical English language source for the philosophy and teachings of the Radha Soamis. Comparing it with Ching Hai's writings reveals significant features common both to the Radha Soamis and Ching Hai. These are: the requirement to practise long hours of meditation under the direction of the Master; the emphasis on the Master himself/herself as the object of meditation; the practice of meditation at the "third eye"; the idea of spiritual progression through a number of ascending planes or levels of consciousness; the prediction that the meditator will see inner light and hear inner sounds, particularly musical sounds; the ability to leave the body at will during meditation and explore the astral world.

Former disciples of Ching Hai have alleged that disciples are taught to meditate with a blanket over their heads. This practice - unknown to the Radha Soamis - tends to induce drowsiness which makes people more susceptible to mind-control. It has also been reported that disciples were strongly encouraged by Ching Hai herself to put together a six-figure donation towards U.S. President Clinton's personal legal defence fund.

Louis Hughes op



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Our Cult Culture

Our Cult Culture
Other religious groups stand to be caught up in anti-Falun Gong moves.


South China Morning Post/May 28, 2001
By Glenn Schloss and Patrick Poon


On the ninth floor of a Wan Chai high-rise is a temple to the personality cult of Supreme Master Ching Hai, a Vietnamese woman whose followers claim possesses a "sublime inner light."

A devotee entered the converted office on Thomson Road, which is hung with portraits of the master alongside a collection of 700 videotapes of her world travels, on Thursday afternoon. The man, in his 20s, drew a velvet curtain around an area beside the throne-like pink sofa and table reserved for the "living saint" on her visits to Hong Kong and knelt down to pray.

He, along with a couple of thousand others in the SAR who follow the Taiwan-based 50-year-old guru, was seeking to make contact with his quan yin, or inner vibration, through a method of Buddhist-inspired meditation which is to be practised for more than two hours every day.

In an interview, spokeswoman Liza Chow outlined the benefits of meditation, describing how she felt "very happy and comfortable" after each session. She said those initiated into the movement must become vegetarians and follow other precepts prohibiting the use of alcohol or drugs, telling lies and sexual misconduct. What she did not mention, however, were controversies surrounding Ching Hai. Followers drank her bathwater believing it had curative powers, according to a 1997 US newspaper report. A devotee from New Zealand told the South China Morning Post last year that others ate her soap because anything she touched contained vibrations. Asked about the allegations, Ms Chow said: "That is nonsense. The master is very concerned about cleanliness."

While promotional literature emphasises free lectures and courses, Ching Hai "finances her mission" by selling her own "colourful artworks, exquisite fashion [some outfits cost up to US$10,000, or about HK$77,800] and fine jewellery designs", according to her Web site, the grandly titled www.godsdirect contact.org.

American cult expert Margaret Singer, a psychology professor at the University of California in Berkeley, said she had received complaints from partners of devotees who had spent "tremendous sums of money" on Ching Hai's products. Ms Chow said the centre was maintained by donations from members. Welcome to the hidden world of cults in Hong Kong. The Falun Gong, which could soon be banned in the SAR, is certainly not the only new religious movement active in the city.

Although the Falun Gong has been outlawed on the mainland and thousands of practitioners detained for re-education, the movement - based on a mixture of Buddhist and Taoist teachings developed by master Li Hongzhi - remains technically legal in Hong Kong. But official pressure on the Falun Gong is mounting in the SAR, and any local crackdown is likely to affect other cults, including the Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association (also known as Guanyin Famen), which has also been outlawed and dubbed an "evil cult" by Beijing as part of its recent crackdown on unauthorised religious groups.

Chief Secretary for Administration Donald Tsang Yam-kuen has admitted officials are studying laws of other countries on the handling of cults, fuelling speculation anti-cult legislation will soon be introduced. Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa last week likened the self-immolation of alleged Falun Gong members in Tiananmen Square in January to the infamous 1978 People's Temple mass suicide in Jonestown, Guyana. About 900 people swallowed a fruit drink laced with cyanide at the urging of Reverend Jim Jones in the largest cult mass killing of recent times.

Mr Tung said he was shocked to see Falun Gong members willing to burn themselves. "It is eerily reminiscent of the Jonestown mass suicide . . .obviously, we are watching them very carefully here. I don't want them to do irreparable harm to Hong Kong." Falun Gong spokesmen said it was absurd and "a smear" for Mr Tung to link their movement with the Jonestown mass suicide.

Although Falun Gong practitioners are frantically lobbying against any laws targeting themselves, Ching Hai followers seem unconcerned. "We have not felt any pressure from the Government," said Ms Chow. "As long as we are behaving legally, there is nothing we should worry about." She insists followers keep a low profile in the SAR. However, 2,000 devotees filled the Queen Elizabeth Stadium in Wan Chai in May last year for an audience with their beloved teacher during her "Ocean of Love" Asian tour.

The movement is estimated to have 2,000 initiates in Hong Kong (four times the size of the Falun Gong's constituency), but Ms Chow was unable to provide figures, saying the group did not keep records. She said it was a registered group under the Societies Ordinance and did not have any problems in hiring government venues. The Falun Gong's use of City Hall in January for an international conference prompted criticism from pro-Beijing figures.

On the ban against the Ching Hai movement on the mainland, where there are an estimated 500,000 followers, Ms Chow said: "Each government is free to carry out their policies. Master tells us we should put our energy on self-advancement rather than involvement in politics." Six members were jailed last month for up to eight years in Xian, the capital of Shaanxi province, for printing books about the movement and trying to recruit followers at local universities.

Hong Kong officials are closely studying proposed anti-cult legislation in France. Independent legislator Margaret Ng Ngoi-yee, a barrister representing the legal sector in the Legislative Council, said the broad nature of the proposed French law could encompass almost any religion which wins new converts. A controversial part of the French proposals involves outlawing brainwashing methods often associated with cults.

Followers of the Ching Hai movement have been identified by a US Christian organisation - the American Family Foundation, which studies cult activities - as being subject to mind-control techniques. Ms Chow said the allegation was ridiculous. "The master always teaches us we should respect free choice, free will."

Secretary for Security Regina Ip Lau Suk-yee has said there were no current plans to legislate. But senior officials have privately expressed the hope that if anti-sect laws are introduced, they can be packaged in a way which will limit the damage to Hong Kong's international reputation.

They suggested similar tactics might be adopted to those used for the Government's highly controversial 1999 invitation for Beijing to reinterpret the Basic Law on the right of abode. This was done by stressing that the incident was a one-off, limited in scope and resulting from exceptional circumstances.

Some religious movements fear they may be caught up in any crackdown on the Falun Gong, but others remain unconcerned. Among the cults identified in a 1995 French parliamentary report is the Hare Krishna movement, known as the International Society for Krishna Consciousness, whose orange-clad devotees can be seen dancing on the streets of Kowloon. Temple president Ram Chandra said there was a "distinct possibility" the society's 1,000 followers in Hong Kong could be affected by any law against the Falun Gong. "It is very easy to victimise minority groups in that kind of system," he said.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, whose members are also known as Mormons, is also listed in the French parliamentary report on cults. Elder Jay Fellows, public-affairs director for Asia, said "some places" viewed the church as a cult, but he denied it was one. "If they said 'no cults in Hong Kong', I don't think they would see us as such. We are a church, that's what we are recognised as in the United States."

In Jordan, members of Sukyo Mahikari meet every night to bathe in the divine light. Followers of this sect - which originated from Japan - wear star-shaped lockets which they believe can channel energy to cure anything from malfunctioning kidneys to haemorrhoids. The group is also named in the French report on cults and listed as having up to 15,000 members in France. Sukyo Mahikari estimates it has about 100 members in Hong Kong.

A member, who asked not to be identified, said the popularity of Sukyo Mahikari in France meant it was unlikely to be tackled by French authorities and should not face trouble in Hong Kong on that basis. "It shouldn't affect us because our movement is very strong in Paris," the member said.

A group identified by Secretary for Security Mrs Ip as evidence of cult activities in Hong Kong, the Church of Zion, remains active. It was investigated by police in 1996 after reports suggested members were drinking hydrogen peroxide as a cure for health problems. But the then-Legal Department dropped the probe and recommended no charges be laid.

One member, Li Pak-hon, said he was not sure whether other members were still using the chemical as a cure. "It's a complicated issue, so I don't want to comment about it," he said. He was unsure whether they would be affected by any new laws. "We are Christians. I am not sure how they define cult."



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Wednesday, March 23, 2011

我看清海無上師的宇宙幽浮觀點

我看清海無上師的宇宙幽浮觀點

呂應鐘教授
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有不少人對清海無上師有很多不苟同之言,我也常收到她免費送我的雜誌,老實說,我用不著信仰她,不過純以旁觀者立場看她的一些觀點,也是有許多值得我們參考之處,例如她於1992年2月19日在香港的演講提到:「以一個修行人的看法來講,我們地球還不夠文明。因為有一些修行的人,可以去所謂別的星球、別的世界,不過不是用這個肉體去,而是用靈體出去,可以觀察別的星球、別的世界,看看能夠從那邊學習什麼東西,然後也許回來這個地球,可以幫助我們這個世界。」

這個觀點我完全同意,因為科學家已明確指出我們所知的宇宙只有10%,其餘90%是人類未能感知的「黑暗物質」,所謂「黑暗」不是指那些構成宇宙的物質是黑色的,而是指我們肉眼可見光看不到。

佛經裡頭多的是此種事例,我認為釋迦牟尼佛的「開悟」其實就是「大通靈」,因此祂可以知道很多別的宇宙事物,清海無上師也說:「祂說在東方有琉璃光佛世界、藥師佛,西方有阿彌陀佛的世界,祂說還有很多恆河沙數的世界。這些恆河沙數的世界不是統統都是最高的世界或最文明的世界,有一些世界比我們更落後,有一些世界不算落後也不算文明,有一些世界則在機器的方面比我們文明,不過和我們世界的生活和精神不一樣。

「比方說有一些世界,他們可以製造幽浮,可以從一個星球旅行到另外一個星球,很快。有一些世界專門製造幽浮,像出口一樣賣給別的星球,也許有一天我們的地球會買到一、兩個,我想這不是不可能的事情。以前我們從美國要到香港,作夢也想不到;哥倫布到美國的時候,還沒有人想像有美國。同樣,我們後來也可以去別的星球,不過有一些更快的,比幽浮還要快的速度,就是我們用自己的智慧、用自己的靈體、用自己本能的元氣,送自己出去,那我們哪裡都可以去。」

「幽浮」兩字是我在民國67年翻譯提倡使用的中文名詞,早就成為一個中文了。一位提倡觀音法門的宗教人物,也用幽浮來說明宇宙間的科技文明,我當然深感認同。因為我很清楚的知道宇宙間確實是有用幽浮做為宇宙航行器具的高級生命體。

「比方說那些製造幽浮的世界,說不定有很大的修行風潮,他們被機器綁住很厲害。有一些地方,他們也許產出太多那種機器人(「Robot」),很像人,你看了不曉得它是人或是機器人,有時候他們因為跟機器有太多關係,什麼都用機器習慣了,人類的感情就比較減少,不好溝通,就比較寧可跟機器人溝通。」

清海這一段話有意思,特別是「那種機器人很像人,你看了不曉得它是人或是機器人」,我認為一些所謂與外星人面對面遭遇的地球人事實上是遇到外星的機器人,所以通常會有「小個子」、「金屬狀聲音」、「金屬外觀」、「動作遲緩」等的描述,這些的確不是「真正」外星人,而是送來探測地球的外星機器人。所以清海會說:「像那些機器人看起來很像人一樣,事實上不是人。我們聽說有一些幽浮爆炸,或是有時候我們看到幽浮的人留在這邊,或幽浮跑出來那些人,看起來奇奇怪怪的樣子,事實上他們說不定是人,或許是機器的人物,因為看起來很像人,他們做得很像很像,所以有時候我們會誤會。不過如果我們有一種工具,把那些機器人叫出來就知道跟人不一樣,因為裡面結構不一樣,裡面有機器、有螺絲、有電腦晶片那些,不是有心、有肺、有胃,不能消化東西,我們就知道了。而且接近那些機器人以後,我們知道它們沒有感情,不像人一樣,不懂愛情是什麼,不會愛人。不過它們很聰明,會要求東西,有時候會要求很嚴重的東西。」

「我不是在這邊推薦那些世界,文明的世界是比我們的世界好,其它有的好、有的壞;除了所謂真正很大的靈修世界是除外,別的世界則跟我們地球差不多,就是文明一點,或是落後一點而已。我們修觀音法門的人,當然喜歡去那些最高的境界,了脫這種輪迴生死的世界。不是我們地球才有輪迴生死,很多別的星球,跟我們一樣等級的,也有輪迴生死,也有憎恨、打仗和糾紛。有的比我們更糟糕,因為他們更文明,用的武器、毒藥比我們更厲害,摧殘的能量又更可怕,所以我們在這個地球,還是蠻有可靠的地方。」

除了幽浮世界外,我研究生死學,提倡「了悟生命、超越死亡」的認知,清海也說:「我們宇宙有很多世界,我們人類死了以後,又有別的世界,不是死了就沒有了。有一些世界,我們如果進去,可以查到我們的過去,即使我們修行沒有最高的方法還是可以查,我們查過去了以後,還可以查得到未來。不過修行很大的人,只查到過去而已,沒有未來,因為他們創造自己的未來、控制自己的未來,自己可以逃開過去的因果。也許你們有一些人修行,也知道這些事情,所以對那些人而言,我講他就馬上懂,他也許也有這種經驗,也有去參觀宇宙的奧秘。」

這個宇宙絕不是唯一的,我認為應有三個相互重疊存在、但不相互干擾的世界,那就是「天界、陽界、陰界」,這三界在世界上不同宗教、不同民族、不同地域有不同的稱呼,但是本質是一樣的,你稱它們為「天堂、人間、地獄」也可以,稱之為「佛神界、人界、鬼界」也行,稱「上帝、人界、靈界」也可以,統統可以,這些只不過是對同樣境界的不同稱呼而已,很不重要。

這三個宇宙時空是個別存在的,是重疊存在的,只有修行到一種程度的人才能感知。然而修行人最高的目的不是要得神通,而是要像釋迦牟尼佛或是耶穌基督一樣「了脫生死」,回到自己真正的來處。清海說:「自己的家鄉在哪裡呢?就是在很高、很高、很高的世界;高不是距離,而是高等的、無上的世界,在那邊沒什麼我們可以用這個地球來比較。如果我們不想留在這個地球的話,想回我們的源頭、回到我們從那裡來的地方。好久以前,可以說幾千、幾百、幾萬、幾億年以前,我們來這邊一起住,開墾、發展這個世界,又互相有一種交換的感情、交換的經驗。」

地球的水準知宇宙水準比起來還是相當低的,因為地球的物質世界、有形世界,所以有很多有形的限制。清海說:「這個世界科學不夠好,在另外一個世界你們講經就不用麥克風。有一些世界根本不用語言,一個明師站在那邊好像一片光一樣,這個光一直亮一直閃,聽眾都會懂祂講什麼,不用那麼多語言,不用翻譯。期望才一天我們也可以用幽浮,最起碼可以用幽浮去別的星球玩一下,看看他們機器、他們文明或是他們修行的方式,帶回來給大家看,比較方便。」

我不是清海無上師的信徒,也不是在推崇清海無上師,只是發現她對宇宙的認知與我頗為類似,只是在這兒提一些讓大家參考參考而已,不是要論對錯。



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失傳的聖經故事

失傳的聖經故事

美國緬因州詹姆士.比恩先生

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(此文是詹姆士.比恩先生在他所主持的廣播節目《靈性覺醒》中的講稿。 該節目專門評介靈修書刊、聖哲、玄學家的著作及東西方經典。)

根據我對於失傳聖經經文的探索研究,發現在過去200年間,有許多猶太教和基督教的文件在中東地區被發現。我應該在此提到的是,有些基督徒對於《經外書》一直保持好奇探討的心態,並且保存某些《經外書》達2000年之久,另外有些值得注意的詩篇、書信、福音、啟示錄也得以倖存數世紀,雖然只有少數開明探索者重視這些經外書、詩篇等所含之靈性智慧。
在此我想同各位分享我與這些經典接觸的經歷,並透露有關神秘詩篇、如何開悟的論述、以及其它令人驚奇的書籍的資料,對各位的靈性之旅或許能有助益。我認為該是把這些資料公開的時候了,好讓每個人都知道如何找到那些失傳或被隱藏的聖經經文。
很久以前,當我從事研究聖經(希伯來文聖經及新約)的工作時,我注意到天主教的聖經比基督教新教的聖經多出一些經文,而這些經典就是基督新教傳統中所謂的《經外書》。西元l611年詹姆士王版本的聖經中仍包括這些經文,所以很可能是幾百年前基督新教教會將其從聖經中刪除,從而為大眾提供比較短小、經濟的版本。現在多數基督新教信徒認為這些有爭議的經文屬於天主教,然而事實上,一千年來,希臘正教、敘利亞、蘇俄、亞美尼亞、埃及以及其它古老教堂的舊版聖經一直包括這些經文。
另外《死海手卷》也包括大部分這些經文的譯文,甚至西元前200年亞歷山大時期出版的舊約希臘文原譯文,也包括了這些經文。然而在今日美國基督教新教聖經中,卻不見這些經文蹤跡!
我認為這些經外書中,最值得注意的是《所羅門的智慧》和《薩拉克的智慧》,這兩本含有大量諺語和智慧格言的書,它們很類似老子的《道德經》,很多人認為我們現在所持聖經是在西元第一世紀由耶穌和他的使徒們編輯的,但事實絕非如此!
在比美國存在還要長的、有數世紀之久的時期內,早期的教堂並沒有認為聖經是一本集結完整的法典,也不認為它是一部不可更改的或唯一的靈修啟示。相反地,在那段有創造力的時期,基督教徒可以很自由地編輯對他們有所啟發的新經文、詩篇、歌賦、箴言、書信等以及其它靈修文獻,而這些發生在早年基督教還有使徒與聖人們在世的時代。那時的基督教是一個更加超自然的宗教,是一個強調體驗天國或靈性境界的神秘宗教。

一、編改經典
如同其它宗教,基督教也歷經主流時期,經由「去蕪存菁」的過程,而變成一種標準的、有組織的信仰。這個主流意識認為使者和先知們的時代已逝去。既然明師與聖人(作為神的使者)已不再為大眾所承認,有些人便開始寄託於過去的明師做為他們的引導,基督教也因此進入了一個將經典奉為明師、將經典奉為領袖的階段。
君士坦丁大帝時期的國家教堂曾制訂了一個固定的經文目錄,作為信仰的永恆準則;教堂也列出要刪除之經文,使之不再流傳,也不再被視為經典。這個規範及審查聖經的過程大多發生在西元四世紀。正是在這段時期中,大多數經外書失去了它們的「經典」地位,只有少數經文被納入「西元四世紀聖經」之中。而且很令人悲哀的是,很多重要的奧秘篇章被排除在外。

二、被刪除經典之例證
多年前,當我讀新約全書的猶大書時,我發現一個令我驚奇的索引,也正是這個索引,向我揭示了聖經以外的經文。在新約中被保留的他的短篇經文第十四節中,猶大摘引了〈以諾前書〉第一章第九節,他也從一本名為「十二教主箴言」的書中節錄一部分,而這本書卻並未列入在希伯來文經典中。
我驚訝地發現了這些經典的存在,並且斷定,如果猶大在西元一世紀接觸到這些書,那麼我現在也要找找看!所以我開始收集曾被視為經典的經外書。 「經外書」這個詞有三種基本涵意:1.密傳性質的神秘或隱秘著作;2.教堂並不認為有啟發性,但讀了仍具提昇作用的著作;3.虛構作品或幻想故事。
目前有數百部經外書存在,分別屬於這三種類。我試圖收集所有可得到的經外書,並發現其中一些書含有極其重要的靈修指示。
在衣索比亞聖經和《死海手卷》中,我們可以找到「以諾書」。在書中,以諾先知描述了他在七重天雲遊的情形。如同埃及的郝米士和中世紀時代印度的偉大神秘人物卡比爾一樣,猶太先知以諾描述了他在高境界之所見。

三、所羅門歌賦
在所有我收集到的經外書中,我認為《所羅門歌賦》最為優美,它是新約全書詩篇的「準」經文。這本歌賦被描述為已知的最早的早期基督教讚美詩。一位學者曾說:「這部書中有世界上最優美的和平喜悅之歌。」在諾斯教派的經典中,班特雷(Bentley Layton)曾說過:「在2000年前敘利亞和美索不達米亞區域,基督徒們認為這些歌賦是具有啟發性的經文,從而頌念它們。」
一位「基督教三一書院」的信徒於數年前出版了這本歌賦,並根據這部古老經書編製了每日頌詞。這些令人心醉的歌賦讓我聯想到回教Sufi教派「愛人與被愛」的傳統中的情詩。許多人練習冥想這些歌賦,並且宣稱他們被帶入更深程度的祈禱、被捲入與上帝「愛之海」的戀愛,而我也有同樣的體驗。
所羅門歌賦甚至有一些描述上帝女性方面之片斷!如「我安息於我主之聖靈中,她將我提昇至天堂。」

四、瑪利亞.抹大拉福音書
「瑪利亞福音書」是於1945年在埃及的奈格漢馬第(Nag Hammadi)附近發現的古老經書之一。在這篇福音書中,瑪利亞的傑出事跡給了我們一個女性在早期基督教擔任領導地位的例子。
瑪利亞被描述為一位與十二使徒完全同等的使徒,並為耶穌最親近的門徒之一;猶有甚之,瑪利亞像是耶穌的靈性接班人,繼承其教導其他門徒的地位。文中萬分肯定瑪利亞因其超越的靈性了悟等級才成為其他門徒們的領袖。
以復活後基督密傳弟子的身分,瑪利亞在她的福音書中教導其他門徒靈修之道,同時也很詳細地描述她的師父(復活後的基督)以光之化身帶她神遊高等境界或天堂的體驗。她將於這些奇遇中得到的基督有關靈修的指示傳達給其他門徒們,而這些體驗可能發生於她的深入祈禱或長時間靜坐時。

五、保羅和息拉行傳
談及有關早期基督教的女性使徒和聖人,使徒聖保羅的追隨者息拉便是其中之一。而這本《保羅和息拉行傳》是息拉的生平及時事之記載。行傳中充滿息拉生命中的許多超自然神奇感應,很容易使人聯想到「埃及沙漠父母」。
在這本書中,息拉被描述為「上帝的使徒」。她時而雲遊,時而居於洞穴中過著僧侶般的生活,同時她也是一位靈性導師,教導人們聽從上帝的神諭。書中並記載道:「很多人放棄了世界,跟隨息拉過著僧侶的生活」。息拉相當受人尊敬,人們甚至立廟奉她。

六、比斯提蘇非亞書(信心與智慧)
在研究了新約四部福音書之後,我對每部福音書的結論感到非常好奇、困惑。這四部書對基督復活後的言行事跡都只略提一、二。就算作者沒有要刻意鉅細靡遺地記載這些事件,難道您不認為一個人的死而復生理應立刻成為極震撼的中心事件,從而成為文章之焦點?就算它不是整部經文的重點.難道基督復活後的言行不值得作為許多篇章的重點?然而在新約裡只約略提到「耶穌還行其它許多事跡」,以及「他後來持續向門徒顯現,給予他們有關天國的指示」。
顯然,基督復活後的教理被信徒們視為比較秘密或高等的教理,只給予那些願意對冥想及靈修全心全意投入的門徒。雖然這些教理很難尋獲,下列文獻中確實有它們的記載:《復活書》《瑪利亞福音書》《湯馬士福音書》《救世主的對話》《詹姆士福音書》《以猶書》《彼得給菲利浦的信》以及《比斯提蘇菲亞書(信心與智慧)》。
目前所發現的最大部福音書《比斯提蘇非亞》,是由一位倫敦醫生兼古老手稿收藏家艾斯邱(A. Skew)於1772在埃及購買到並帶回倫敦的。這部書後來被出版,而威廉布雷克(William Blake)這位偉大的神秘詩詩人也是這本福音書之最知名讀者之一,並深受其影響。
書中提到,有一段時期,有些基督教徒確實相信輪迴以及靈魂存在的觀念。比如,新約中記載的聖保羅之「大馬士革路之體驗」,也提到了基督從極亮的光芒之中化現於門徒面前。此書也記載了很多基督和弟子間的有趣對話,約十一年之久。
《比斯提蘇菲亞書》也記錄了許多優美的詩歌及祈禱文;雖然輪迴被作為一個事實在該書中提到,但其教義的目的是從物質的束縛、輪迴、命運及無明的障礙中解救靈魂,以靈性自由替代對靈性世界的無知,讓靈魂能夠藉由神聖的光流從地球飛往天堂。「你們都應追隨光,以使你的內在靈性力量活躍。要日夜不停地追求。直至發現光之王國的秘密,它將使你淨化、使你成為純淨的光,從而帶領你進入光之王國。」這個內在體驗獲得於獨處和冥想(靜坐)期間。

七、埃及出土的奈格漢馬第圖書館
在埃及北部的奈格漢馬第城附近,人們發現了很多古老的神秘書籍。這個約2000年前的「時間之囊」(西元四紀時僧侶所埋藏之大型密封罐,用來保存以歌普特語所寫的羊皮紙),也就是現在人稱的《奈格漢馬第圖書館》,引發了一場靈性革命。
這些埋藏在埃及的泥土中長達數世紀的被刪改、遺忘的經文,是基督教諾斯替教派的早期經典。今日的求道者可從這些經典得知西方一度存在過的神秘傳統。這個古老圖書館藏有基督教、諾斯替教派、猶太教、畢達哥拉斯教派、郝米士派(煉金術)以及其它教派的靈修開示,另外還有各種神秘教派和諾斯替教派的教理,包括他們為其弟子們傳授「光之王國的秘密」及他們神遊內在其它世界的描述。《奈格漢馬第圖書館》中最引人注目的經典之一是「湯姆士福音」,是耶穌的有關如何得到開悟的靈修格言集。

八、耶穌有關光和音的格言集
《湯姆士福音》是一本「格言福音」,即基督關於如何發現天國的箴言和寓言集。這些智慧經文的主題是:無上真我即是光,我們的靈魂是由光構成的;藉由冥想這個「活著的光」,我們就可以重返天堂樂園。
《湯姆士福音》記載了耶穌這位偉大的明師教導其弟子「我們來自於光,來自於光永恆存在的地方」,「光存在於由光化生的人之中,並且照耀全世界」以及「如果一個人完整,他將充滿光」,還有「從我口中飲水之人將成為和我一樣,而我也將成為此人,奧秘將會展現於此人面前。」從基督口中飲水被描述為聆聽音流或上帝的宇宙之音的過程,這個音流可改變聆聽者,使他們達到更高的、奧秘的存在。

九、諾斯替光神祕教今昔
諾斯替教派聖者的主要教理之一就是內在光的體驗。事實上,看到內在聖光是一種普遍體驗,全世界各種文化都有天堂景象和內在聖光體驗的記載。許多人在他們自己的宗教經典中非常流利地描述與超越黑暗之上的光相逢的經歷。許多聖者和神秘者,包括那些「奈格漢馬第」各篇章的作者,都將上帝或是無上存在描述為包含萬物的、純潔燦爛的光之神。他們也相信作為靈魂的我們(我們的精神本質)是「光的火花」,而且我們確是「光的子女」。
觀內在光的神秘體驗是發生於深入祈禱或靜坐時。「這個最原始的光芒以靈性知識照亮淨化過的靈魂,使它們不但充滿著恩典與光明,同時也因觀這個萬物的本質,而被引導至智力天堂(Noetic Heaven)。基於這原因,聖納勒斯(Neilos)說:「理性的本來境界就是一個智力的頂點,類似天空的色調,在祈禱時它充滿了神聖三位一體的光。
「上帝就是光,在祂裡面不存在黑暗」以及「心單純的人有幅了,因為他們可以看到上帝。」(新約)「要了解這偉大的光是什麼。」(英文版《奈格漢馬第圖書館》,哈伯柯林斯(Harper Collins)出版)「我就是那個照耀萬物的光芒。」(《湯姆士福音》)"「然後我們上到六重天,我往上看,看到一道偉大的光照耀著六重天」(節自英文版《奈格漢馬第圖書館:保羅的經外書》)。
在《死海手卷新譯本》(哈伯.柯林斯出版)寫著:「從他智慧的泉源,我的光迸現了;於是我的智慧眼注視著他的奇蹟。」另外「聖靈以太陽般的光,照亮了您的僕人心中黑暗的角落。」而在東方,中世紀聖人卡比爾曾說過:「靈魂的光就像是十六個太陽的光。」
伊拉克的曼汀教有很多頌讚光的美麗詩歌、祈禱文和天堂景象的記錄,類似現在所謂的瀕死經歷。「他的光閃耀著,他的光芒照亮了大千世界以及站在他的座前的非凡眾生,這些眾生在他們自己的光芒中、在照耀於他們身上的偉大光芒中發光。」
《比斯替蘇菲亞書》(Pistis Sophia)是由E. J. 布利爾(E.J Brill Books)出版的。「以諾」、「所羅門的歌賦」以及「息拉」則是在《遺失的聖經》、《被遺忘的伊甸園》以及企鵝出版社的「子午線」中找到的。《湯姆士》、《瑪利亞》、《詹姆士》以及其他各書則在波爾橋(Polebridge Press)出版的《福音全書》可找到。
而我極力推薦一本有關經外經的文選集是《另一本聖經(The Other Bible)》,由哈伯.柯林斯出版。其它好書還有《新耶路撒冷聖經(包括「經外經」)》、「雙日」(Doubleday)及哈伯柯林斯出版的英文版《奈格漢馬第圖書館》等。

從上面有關經外經的簡短介紹中可知,被排除在四世紀聖經之外的經典,多數提倡個人靈修體驗以及打坐冥想。這個早期靈修傳統從未完全被西方接受,而依我之淺見,這也就是它們被束之高閣的原因。很久以前,一位偉大的神秘詩詩人曾說過:「時間之神(魔王)掩住了聖人的教理,不讓世人看到。」
如果您需要更多資料,或希望收到一份免費的失傳聖經經文譯文書目,請寫信到美國緬因州新港:
Mr. Jinas Bean
P. O. Box 7
Newport, Maine 04953-0007
U.S.A.



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